{"id":7293,"date":"2020-03-23T19:27:05","date_gmt":"2020-03-23T19:27:05","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/blog.cwf-fcf.org\/?p=7293"},"modified":"2020-03-20T17:55:36","modified_gmt":"2020-03-20T17:55:36","slug":"looking-grim-the-western-monarch-migration-is-teetering-on-collapse","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blog.cwf-fcf.org\/index.php\/en\/looking-grim-the-western-monarch-migration-is-teetering-on-collapse\/","title":{"rendered":"Looking Grim: The Western Monarch Migration is Teetering on Collapse"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2>Thanksgiving in coastal California has been somber for the past two years.<\/h2>\n<p>At least it has been for the stewards of overwintering Monarch Butterfly populations. The <a href=\"https:\/\/www.westernmonarchcount.org\/\">Thanksgiving Western Monarch Count<\/a> \u2014 a monumental task undertaken along most of California\u2019s coastline by an army of conservationists and volunteer citizen scientists \u2014 tallied fewer than 30,000 animals in both <a href=\"https:\/\/blog.cwf-fcf.org\/index.php\/en\/western-monarchs-a-harbinger-of-things-to-come\/\">2018<\/a> and 2019. That is a staggering 99 per cent decline in numbers since the 1980s.<\/p>\n<p>Scientists with the <a href=\"https:\/\/xerces.org\/press\/western-monarch-butterfly-population-still-at-critical-level\">Xerces Society<\/a> warn that we are at the critical tipping point for losing the Monarch migration west of the Rocky Mountains completely.<\/p>\n<h3>How Did This Happen?<\/h3>\n<h4>Fragmented Habitat<\/h4>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-7296\" src=\"https:\/\/blog.cwf-fcf.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/overwintering-sites-monarch-california-map.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"748\" height=\"390\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blog.cwf-fcf.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/overwintering-sites-monarch-california-map.jpg 748w, https:\/\/blog.cwf-fcf.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/overwintering-sites-monarch-california-map-640x334.jpg 640w, https:\/\/blog.cwf-fcf.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/overwintering-sites-monarch-california-map-530x276.jpg 530w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 748px) 100vw, 748px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Why such drastic declines in the western population? It is immediately clear using satellite imagery that the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.westernmonarchcount.org\/find-an-overwintering-site-near-you\/\">remaining wintering sites<\/a> have been severely fragmented by development along the coast.<\/p>\n<p>In some areas, overwintering Monarchs cling to the branches of the handful of trees left standing in sheltered canyons where rivers empty into the Pacific Ocean.<\/p>\n<h4>Cocktail of Stressors<\/h4>\n<figure id=\"attachment_5799\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-5799\" style=\"width: 1100px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-standard wp-image-5799\" src=\"https:\/\/blog.cwf-fcf.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/wildfires-in-california-1100x640.jpg\" alt=\"Wildfires in California\" width=\"1100\" height=\"640\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-5799\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Wildfires in California<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Other <a href=\"https:\/\/www.westernmonarchcount.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/Crone_et_al-2019-Ecological_Applications.pdf\">significant stressors<\/a> on western Monarchs include:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Loss of the native milkweed meadows they need to successfully raise young<\/li>\n<li>Dramatic rise in pesticide use on agricultural fields in the last three decades<\/li>\n<li>Climate change<\/li>\n<li>California wildfires<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Attempts at Recovery<\/h3>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-standard wp-image-7297\" src=\"https:\/\/blog.cwf-fcf.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/wildflowers-field-farm-fence-sk-sunrise-1170212757-1100x640.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1100\" height=\"640\" \/><\/p>\n<p>To help the species recover from these threats, \u00a0Monarch conservationists have been <a href=\"https:\/\/www.farmers.gov\/connect\/blog\/conservation\/farms-and-ranches-can-provide-needed-sanctuary-struggling-western\">working with farmers<\/a> to promote meadow habitats for breeding.<\/p>\n<p>One small glimmer of hope? <a href=\"https:\/\/www.mercurynews.com\/2020\/01\/17\/new-insights-into-monarchs-mysterious-migrations\/\">Researchers recently revealed<\/a> that contrary to previous doctrine, Monarch populations on either side of the Rocky Mountains are not genetically distinct from one another. This is good news, suggesting that there is intermixing of individuals over their migratory routes.<\/p>\n<p>Monarchs may travel north from Mexico\u2019s wintering grounds to replenish the western Monarch migration. The eastern populations are, however, also under threat. We need to support and bolster all Monarch Butterflies across North America.<\/p>\n<h3>What Can We Do North of 60?<\/h3>\n<figure id=\"attachment_6473\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-6473\" style=\"width: 1100px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-standard wp-image-6473\" src=\"https:\/\/blog.cwf-fcf.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/casting-seed-1100x640.jpg\" alt=\"CWF staff and volunteers (Samantha Reynolds, Emily Armstrong, Paul Wityk, Carolyn Callaghan, Kira Balson) seeding a HydroOne pilot project site in Ottawa.\" width=\"1100\" height=\"640\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-6473\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">CWF staff and volunteers (Samantha Reynolds, Emily Armstrong, Paul Wityk, Carolyn Callaghan, Kira Balson) seeding a HydroOne pilot project site in Ottawa. | Des membres du personnel de la FCF et des b\u00e9n\u00e9voles (Samantha Reynolds, Emily Armstrong, Paul Wityk, Carolyn Callaghan, Kira Balson) qui ensemencent le site du projet pilote de HydroOne \u00e0 Ottawa.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>In recent years, Canadians have been busy <a href=\"https:\/\/blog.cwf-fcf.org\/index.php\/en\/building-local-native-seed-markets\/\">planting and restoring native milkweed meadows<\/a> for Monarchs. We&#8217;ve focused our efforts at both the northwestern and northeastern ends of the species&#8217; migratory routes.<\/p>\n<p>This effort needs to continue. Given the potential for intermixing of the eastern and western populations, any work we do in Canada is beneficial for all Monarchs, including those that overwinter in California.<\/p>\n<h3>Get the Numbers<\/h3>\n<p>The <a href=\"https:\/\/monarchwatch.org\/blog\/2020\/03\/13\/monarch-population-status-42\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">MonarchWatch.org<\/a> published the 2019 Monarch overwintering sites statistics. We will address these numbers in more detail in a future blog. But we&#8217;ll leave you with the highlights:<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>Eleven colonies were located this winter season with a total area of 2.83 hectares \u2014 a 53.22 per cent decrease from the previous season.<br \/>\n~<a href=\"https:\/\/monarchwatch.org\/blog\/2020\/03\/13\/monarch-population-status-42\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">MonarchWatch.org<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<h4>Learn more about the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cwf-fcf.org\/en\/explore\/monarchs\/?src=blog\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Monarch Butterfly<\/a> and our work with <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cwf-fcf.org\/en\/explore\/forests-fields\/?src=blog\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Forests &amp; Fields<\/a>.<\/h4>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<div class=\"post-excerpt\">Thanksgiving in coastal California has been somber for the past two years. At least it has been for the stewards of overwintering Monarch Butterfly populations. The Thanksgiving Western Monarch Count&hellip;<\/div>\n","protected":false},"author":111,"featured_media":5797,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_exactmetrics_skip_tracking":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_active":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_note":"","_exactmetrics_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[631,6,638,641,633],"tags":[647,588,740,192,83,8243,8325],"class_list":["post-7293","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-connect-with-nature","category-endangered-species","category-fields-forests","category-gardening","category-canadian-wildlife","tag-climate-change-2","tag-forest-fire","tag-migration","tag-milkweed","tag-monarch-butterfly","tag-pollinator-pathways","tag-western-monarch"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.cwf-fcf.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7293","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.cwf-fcf.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.cwf-fcf.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.cwf-fcf.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/111"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.cwf-fcf.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7293"}],"version-history":[{"count":7,"href":"https:\/\/blog.cwf-fcf.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7293\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":7302,"href":"https:\/\/blog.cwf-fcf.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7293\/revisions\/7302"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.cwf-fcf.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/5797"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.cwf-fcf.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7293"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.cwf-fcf.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=7293"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.cwf-fcf.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=7293"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}